Forced convection studies the heat transfer between a moving fluid and a solid surface. There are various
types of forced convection, such as flow in a tube or across a flat plate and so on. In general there are no
mathematical solution available to all types of forced convection problems. These problems are usually
analyzed by equations based on empirical values and generalized by dimensional analysis. The analysis
can be formulated by the following equation:
Nu=f(Pr,Re,Ma)
where, Nu= Nusselt number Pr= Prandtl number Re= Reynolds number Ma= Mach number
In cases when the flow speed is low, the influence of the Mach number can be neglected and we obtain: