ТЕПЛОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ВЕЩЕСТВ
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Категория: НАУКА /3. Депозитарий научных работ
НАУКА /3. Депозитарий научных работ
S.Ganesh Prakash, R.Ravi, R.P.Chhabra Corresponding states theory and transport coefficients of liquid metals
A study of the applicability of CST towards predicting transport coefficients in liquid metals has been undertaken with particular
emphasis on alkali metals. Characteristic parameters were obtained from six different first principles calculations of inter-ionic
potentials of simple metals reported in the literature. A wide variation was observed in the characteristic parameters as reported by
various authors. Among these, the potential parameters of Shyu et al. provided the best correlation of experimental diffusivity and
viscosity data for alkali metals over moderate temperature ranges. However, use of the Goldschmidt diameter as the characteristic
distance parameter and kBTm, where Tm is the melting temperature, as the characteristic energy parameter gave as good, if not better,
results for alkali metals. This parameter set was not found to be satisfactory when non-alkali metals were also included. Chapman’s
characteristic parameters, obtained from a fit to the viscosity data, provided a reasonable correlation of the diffusivity data to most,
but not all metals studied. Fundamental issues associated with attempting to group all liquid metals under a single corresponding
states theory as well with the conventional use of the potential well-depth and the distance at which the potential becomes zero as
characteristic parameters for liquid metals have been pointed out. A preliminary statistical analysis has been performed to assess the
reliability of our predictions in view of the experimental uncertainties in viscosity and diffusivity data.
W. Wagnera and A. Pruß The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use
In 1995, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam ~IAPWS!
adopted a new formulation called ‘‘The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic
Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use’’, which we
abbreviate to IAPWS-95 formulation or IAPWS-95 for short. This IAPWS-95 formulation
replaces the previous formulation adopted in 1984. This work provides information
on the selected experimental data of the thermodynamic properties of water used to
develop the new formulation, but information is also given on newer data. The article
presents all details of the IAPWS-95 formulation, which is in the form of a fundamental
equation explicit in the Helmholtz free energy. The function for the residual part of the
Helmholtz free energy was fitted to selected data for the following properties: ~a! thermal
properties of the single-phase region (prT) and of the vapor–liquid phase boundary
(psr 8r 9T), including the phase-equilibrium condition ~Maxwell criterion!, and ~b! the
caloric properties specific isochoric heat capacity, specific isobaric heat capacity, speed of
sound, differences in the specific enthalpy and in the specific internal energy, Joule–
Thomson coefficient, and isothermal throttling coefficient. By applying modern strategies
for optimizing the functional form of the equation of state and for the simultaneous
nonlinear fitting to the data of all mentioned properties, the resulting IAPWS-95 formulation
covers a validity range for temperatures from the melting line ~lowest temperature
251.2 K at 209.9 MPa! to 1273 K and pressures up to 1000 MPa. In this entire range of
validity, IAPWS-95 represents even the most accurate data to within their experimental
uncertainty. In the most important part of the liquid region, the estimated uncertainty of
IAPWS-95 ranges from 60.001% to 60.02% in density, 60.03% to 60.2% in speed of
sound, and 60.1% in isobaric heat capacity. In the liquid region at ambient pressure,
IAPWS-95 is extremely accurate in density ~uncertainty <60.0001%! and in speed of
sound ~60.005%!.
Allan H. Harveya, Eric W. Lemmon Correlation for the Second Virial Coefficient of Water
A new correlation has been developed to represent the second virial coefficient of
water (H2O) as a function of temperature. The formulation was fitted to experimental
data, both for the second virial coefficient itself and for a quantity related to its first
temperature derivative, at temperatures between approximately 310 and 1170 K. The
high-temperature extrapolation behavior was guided by results calculated from a highquality
intermolecular pair potential. The new correlation agrees well with the experimental
data deemed to be reliable, and at high temperatures is a significant improvement
over the best previous formulation.
Eric W. Lemmona, Richard T Jacobsen and Steven G. Penoncello, Daniel G. Friend Thermodynamic Properties of Air and Mixtures of Nitrogen, Argon, and Oxygen From 60 to 2000 K at Pressures to 2000 MPa
A thermodynamic property formulation for standard dry air based upon available experimental
p –r – T, heat capacity, speed of sound, and vapor–liquid equilibrium data is
presented. This formulation is valid for liquid, vapor, and supercritical air at temperatures
from the solidification point on the bubble-point curve ~59.75 K! to 2000 K at pressures
up to 2000 MPa.
Отдельные публикации, представленные на THERMO International 2006 - Boulder, CO, USA (July 30 - August 4, 2006)
Отдельные публикации, представленные на 17 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES (September 5 - 8, 2005, BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA)
Методические рекомендации Союза по чистой и прикладной химии (IUPAC) по подготовке публикаций о новых уравнениях состояний для чистых веществ.
There are three major objectives that should be dealt with in a publication on equations of state:
1. The publication should constitute an advancement in concept or in quantitative performance. The latter should be demonstrated.
2. The publication should enable readers to decide whether they want to use it or not.
3. The publication should help readers to program and use the equation of state.
Л.Р. Фокин, А.Н. Калашников. Транспортные свойства смеси разреженных газов N2-H2 в базе данных ЭПИДИФ
Рассмотрены принципы организации информационно-вычислительной базы данных ЭПИДИФ. Для бинарной смеси разреженных газов N2-H2 выполнена совместная обработка опытных данных о вязкости чистых компонентов и смеси, о коэффициентах взаимной диффузии и термодиффузии. Восстановлены в рамках метода наименьших квадратов 9 параметров трех потенциалов Леннарда-Джонса m-6 взаимодействия молекул N2 и H2. Параметры и их матрица ошибок включены в базу данных. Рассчитаны таблицы справочных данных рассмотренных транспортных свойств в интервале температур 100-1500 K и концентраций 0-1(0,2).
Статья представлена для публикации в журнал Теплофизика высоких температур.
Radim Mares and Jana Kalova . Thermophysical Properties Converted from Data and Equations Based on Old Temperature Scales
Доклад на 15 Международной конференции по свойствам воды и водяного пара
Thermophysical properties measured before 1990 are based on obsolete temperature scales. In spite of great progress of experimental technique, there are data measured before 1990 that are still considered as very precious. In similar way it is with correlations of old but reliable thermophysical data. The only change of a parameter, as critical temperature, does not guarantee a correct approach to the right conversion. Comparison of values from an equation based on obsolete temperature scale with a new equation calculated for the same numerical values of temperature gives comparison at two different thermal states. There are thermophysical properties the temperature conversion of which depends on derivatives of equation converting an old temperature scale to the new one. Specific heat capacity, coefficient of thermal conductivity etc. could serve as examples of such properties. Complicated situation is with such properties as entropy and properties derived from it. The paper brings discussion of examples of temperature conversion of experimental data and equations as well.
«Гиббсовская» лекция, прочитанная проф. Вагнером на 15 Международной конференции по свойствам воды и водяного пара.
15 Международная конференция по свойствам воды и водяного пара.
Wolfgang Wagner.
From the Beginning to this Day - My First Naive Ideas and the Research Results Achieved.
In the period from 1975 to 2006, the Chair of Thermodynamics at the Ruhr-University Bochum was working in the field of the calculation and experimental determination of thermodynamic properties of pure fluid substances and mixtures. The research projects have covered the fields of equations of state, very accurate density measurements with new types of densimeters, and the critical region of pure fluids. This article gives a survey of these research activities emphasizing the close interaction between the development of equations of state and very accurate density measurements ( - data). Moreover, a statement on the critical exponents is given, and the development of a new equation of state for natural gases and other mixtures is described.
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